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The New Caledonia Barrier Reef is home to a large number of >endemic species. Fish diversity is high in the New Caledonia Barrier Reef ecoregion. At least 1,000 species have been documented on this reef, which is the second longest barrier reef in the world (after Australia’s Great Barrier Reef), reaching a length of over 900 miles (1,500 km).
The reef formations here are outstanding. Much of the enormous species diversity in New Caledonia is unclassified, and new species of fish and invertebrates are being discovered regularly. But even the known numbers of species are impressive: More than 600 species of sponges find habitat in these waters, as well as 5,500 species of mollusks, 5,000 species of crustaceans, and more than 350 species of algae.
An endemic sea bass, along with many other fish species within several different families, lives here. Other residents include water striders, giant clams, and shrimp. Dugongs -- rare relatives of the manatee--graze on sea grass while porpoises catch fish. Green, hawksbill, loggerhead, and leatherback marine turtles spend most of their time in the water but nest on sandy shores. Twenty-three known species of marine birds breed here, including red-footed boobies, sooty terns, and lesser noddies.
The great majority of coral reefs here are reported to be in good health, with the exception of eastern reefs that are harmed by runoff from mines. Nickel mining and brush fires intensify erosion during cyclone flood surges, and coastal development poses an additional threat. A rapid increase in the number of sailing vessels has increased anchor damage on reefs and pollution from direct discharge of sewage. Extensive aquaculture in the region adds nutrients to the water, which results in a rapid growth of harmful algae. Overfishing for the aquarium trade and for commercial, recreational, and subsistence purposes is a large threat. Collection of marine organisms on the reef flats is of increasing concern. Some rare species sought by collectors may be in danger of extinction.
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